Phthalates are a class of chemicals that are best known for their ability to soften vinyl plastics.  (pronounced f-THAL-lates) Think of the thinner plastics, such as your shower curtain, fake wood and marble plastic flooring and lubricants AND in cosmetics we apply to our skin.

In 2003 British researcher Dr. P.D. Darbre authored a paper in the Journal of Applied Toxicology on the potential connection between the use of paraben-containing deodorants and breast cancer. Darbre’s concern was that cosmetics such as deodorants and skin cremes are left on the skin, allowing more direct absorption.  One would assume, that this would be the case with phthalates as well.

In one study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that 100 percent of people tested had (DBP) in their bodies.

Toys made in the USA, are Phthalate-free, however, China, which makes 85 percent of the world’s toys, has developed two manufacturing lines, one for the European market (who has banned phthalates) and the other like-minded nations that ban phthalates, and another line for the United States, where we don’t restrict these toxic chemicals.  According to PBS, Phthalates have been banned in the European Union, Japan, Mexico and Argentina.

Nail polish, skin care creams, deodorants, and food packaging is where a higher concentration of these chemicals are placed.

Women who are pregnant are especially vulnerable to phthalates, and all the effects of this chemical target nearly every aspect of male reproductive system development.  It targets boys in particular.

Hopefully from this article, we both can learn how to dodge the products which contain these harsh chemicals, and start actively looking and buying safer products.

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What to look for on the label: phthalate, DEP, DBP, fragrance

• DBP (di-n-butyl phthalate),
• DEP (diethyl phthalate),
• DEHP (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate),
• BzBP (benzylbutyl phthalate),
• DMP (dimethyl phthalate).

The Ingredient “Fragrance” Can Mean NUMBERS of Chemicals

According to Jane Houlihan, Vice President for Research of Environmental Working Group, (EWG) Unlike food additives and drugs, cosmetic companies aren’t required to test their products for safety before they are sold.

A major loophole in federal law allows fragrance manufacturers to hide potentially hazardous chemicals in product scents, including substances linked to allergies, birth defects, and even cancer.

We all know the long list of ingredients found on our cosmetics, or personal care products, and amongst all the ingredients, often appears the word “fragrance” The law allows companies to hide what’s in the “fragrance” component.

The fragrance industry regulates itself, and through their trade association, the International Fragrance Association, funds and conducts safety assessments for fragrance ingredients. This self-regulating scheme has led to the widespread use of chemicals in fragrances See more at EWG.org

What Products Do Phthalates Found In?

Phthalates Are Found In – a large variety of products, from coatings of pharmaceutical pills and nutritional supplements to gelling agents. They are found in food packaging such as plastic wrap. Found in adhesives and glues,personal-care products, medical devices, detergents, packaging, children’s toys, modelling clay, waxes, paints, printing inks, printed receipts from the store, caulk, paint pigments, and sex toys made of so-called “jelly rubber”.

When you smell “new car,” you’re smelling phthalates.

Phthalates are used in shower curtains, vinyl outdoor upholstery, adhesives, floor tiles, food containers and wrappers, and cleaning materials. Also in plastic packaging film and sheets, garden hoses, inflatable toys, blood-storage containers, and medical tubing. Phthalates are also used in wood finishes, plastic plumbing pipes, lubricants and insecticides.

Personal-care items containing phthalates include perfume, eye shadow, moisturizer, nail polish, liquid soap, and hair spray.

Phthalates are found in our food and water, as well. They are in our dairy products, which may be from the plastic tubing used to milk cows. They are in meats, as some phthalates are stored in fats, so meats and cheeses have been known to contain high levels.

Not all soft plastic contains phthalates. Most plastic wraps, water bottles, and food containers are phthalate-free. However, they typically contain DEHA (di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate), which is not technically a phthalate, but is chemically very close to DEHP.

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So How Does This Affect Us?

The effect of phthalates has been studied since the 1940’s, and most research shows it completely shatters the male reproductive development areas. In addition, phthalates are now widely known to be “endocrine disruptors.”

What does that mean?

Phthalates are thought to mimic and displace hormones and interrupt their production.

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel throughout the body.  They coordinate complex processes like growth, metabolism, and fertility.

They can influence the function of the immune system, and even alter behavior.

We see the metabolism altered.  Below we document, that cases connect phthalates with weight gain.  Birth defects are documented, and behavior changes are noted.  Little boys taking on more feminine traits than masculine attributes, when phthalates are introduced.

Keep reading…….

How Are We Exposed To Phthalates?

We are exposed to phthalates through 4 ways. Ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and even by direct intravenous transfer from medical devices.

• Food Storage Containers, Water Bottles, Baby Bottles Ect-We can be exposed to phthalates by eating and drinking foods that have been in contact with containers and products containing phthalates.

• 95 Percent of Wastewater Samples Show Widespread Use of Chemicals– This article, researchers analyzed samples of wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial sites in the San Francisco Bay Area. 18 of 19 wastewater samples examined contained at least 1 of 3 unregulated, widely-used hormone disruptors – phthalates, bisphenol A, and triclosan; 2 samples contained all 3 substances. Despite sophisticated wastewater treatment, these chemicals were detected in treated waters discharged into the Bay.

• Breathing New Plastics Such as Shower Curtains, PVC Flooring -We can also be exposed from breathing in air that contains phthalate vapors or dust contaminated with phthalate particles.

• You can be exposed to phthalates if you use cosmetics, personal care products, cleaning products, or other plastic and vinyl products that contain them.

• Workers Exposed To Manufacturing Of Plastics -Painters, printers, and workers exposed to phthalates during the manufacture, formulation, and processing of plastics are at higher risk. A 2012 study found that women working in the automotive and food-canning industries have nearly a fivefold increase in risk for premenopausal breast cancer, likely because of their exposure to phthalates, BPA and flame-retardants. Breast Cancer Fund

• Cosmetics While Pregnant -High exposure concern are for the fetuses of pregnant women using cosmetics containing phthalates.

• Microwaving Food With Thin Plastics (Perhaps Like Plastic Wrap??)- Regulations are also in place for phthalates in plastics that come into contact with food such as during its processing, transportation and storage. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP) “may be safely used” at levels up to 1% and 43%, respectively. Closer inspection, however, reveals provisions that are very likely to be broken. For example, the regulation states that the plastics should be used “at temperatures not exceeding room temperature”. This implies that warming food wrapped in plastic in a microwave may be considered unsafe — a practice many in this country exercise on a daily basis. Chemical Body Burden

Studies Show The Majority Of The Population Has Tested Positive For Phthalate In The Urine-A study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that 100 percent of people tested had dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in their bodies. The CDC scientists speculated these high levels could come from personal care products and cosmetics, among other things – EPH Online

-Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detected phthalates in urine samples from all but 12 of 2,790 people tested (CDC 2005), with six or more phthalates found in 84% of people tested.

Phthalates Used In Cosmetics? Historically, the primary phthalates used in cosmetic products have been dibutylphthalate (DBP), used as a plasticizer in products such as nail polishes (to reduce cracking by making them less brittle); dimethylphthalate (DMP), used in hair sprays (to help avoid stiffness by allowing them to form a flexible film on the hair); and diethylphthalate (DEP), used as a solvent and fixative in fragrances. According to FDA’s latest survey of cosmetics, conducted in 2010, however, DBP and DMP are now used rarely. DEP is the only phthalate still commonly used in cosmetics. fda.gov

Opt For Safer Antiperspirants and Nail Polishes – Here Are The Findings In A 2006 Study “A Survey of Phthalate Esters in Consumer Cosmetic Products,” This study by the (FDA) focused a survey of 84 adult-use and baby-care cosmetic products for the presence of five phthalate esters: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

• Spiked recoveries in antiperspirant and nail color ranged from 88% to 104%. Thirty-one of the 60 adult-use cosmetic products were found to con­tain at least one phthalate ester. Twenty products contained DEP and 11 nail products contained DBP. Con­centrations of DBP ranged from 123 μg/g to 62,607 μg/g. Concentrations of DEP ranged from 80 μg/g to 36,006 μg/g. Five of the 24 baby-care products contained DEP at concentrations ranging from 10 μg/g to 274 μg/g.

• Concentrations of DBP found in 11 of the 24 nail products ranged from 123 μg/g to 62,607 μ
  g/g. DEP was the most common phthalate ester identified, with concentrations as high as 36,000 μg/g in fragrances.

• Consumption of food products is generally considered to be the most significant exposure pathway. Sources include environmental uptake during crop cul­tivation and leaching from phthalate-containing processing equipment and packaging materials

• 67% of the prod­ucts surveyed contained at least one phthalate ester, while hair sprays, deodorants, nail products, and hair mousse contained two or more phthalates. The highest phthalate ester concentrations were found in nail products.

Phthalates Are often Not Listed On The Labels -Our 2002 report, “Not Too Pretty,” detected phthalates in nearly three-fourths of tested products, even though none of the 72 products had phthalates listed on the labels- Safe Cosmetics

The European Union Has Banned The Use Of Phthalates In Cosmetics-The European Commission (EC), after consultation with the Scientific Committee on Cosmetics and Non-food Products (SCCNFP), also recently classified dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate as category 2 reproductive toxins and prohibited their use in cosmetics in the European Union

Phthalates Can Feminize Men– Boys who are exposed to higher levels of certain types of phthalates in the womb may show less masculine behavior than boys who are exposed to lower levels. Phthalates are considered to be endocrine disruptors because of their complex effects on several hormonal systems including the estrogen and androgen hormone systems. One examined impacts on the activity of the enzyme aromatase, which is essential for masculinizing male brains.- Our Stolen Future

Phthalates Cause Puberty To Start At A Very Early Age–

• In August 2000, Puerto Rican scientists reported on an association between exposure to DEHP and premature breast development in young girls, possibly linking phthalates to trends in puberty.
• A recent case-control study examined phthalate levels in apparently healthy girls who went through thelarche (breast development) before the age of 8, as compared with girls who underwent precocious puberty because of abnormalities in their neuroendocrine systems and with girls who were progressing through puberty at normal ages. Increased levels of monomethyl phthalate were associated with early thelarche group, but not with either of the comparison groups (Chou, 2009).

Studies Show Birth Defects In Sexual Organs In Boys-

• Phthalates Cross The Placenta -High level exposure to multiple phthalates has been extensively documented (Adibi 2008; Sathyanarayana 2008; Silva, Barr 2004). Phthalates cross the placenta into amniotic fluid (Silva, Reidy 2004); they are also transferred from the mother to the infant with breast milk (Main 2006)

• Many Phthalates Were Found In Infants– Young infants are also exposed to high levels of phthalates, with measurable levels of seven different phthalates being found in infants born between 2000 and 2005 (Sathyanarayahna, 2008).

• Phthalates Disrupt Sexual Organs – Different laboratories indicate that phthalates disrupt male sexual differentiation and produce adverse reproductive effects by the same mechanism of action that targets the steroid hormone synthesis pathway (Clark 2007; Hallmark 2007; Howdeshell 2007; Hutchison 2008; Supornsilchai 2007; Svechnikova 2007)

• Baby Products With Phthalates Cause Problems For Boys- “This new research provides strong evidence that phthalates in baby products end up inside babies’ bodies, where they pose real-world risks for reproductive system damage among baby boys. We hope these results spur companies to remove phthalates from products sold in the U.S. Many of these same chemicals are banned from baby products in other countries. There is no justification for keeping them on the shelves here,” said Jane Houlihan, Vice President for Research of Environmental Working Group.

• Phthalates Cause Birth Defects Of Genitals -Further research in male animals has shown that exposure to various phthalates causes birth defects of the genitals, (an abnormal location for the opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis) small testicles – resulting in low sperm counts and infertility, Safe Cosmetics ,

• Abnormalities In Male Babies– exposed to phthalates prenatally included nipple retention, shortened ano-genital distance and increased cryptorchidism (undescended testes) (Foster, 2005; Latini, 2006).

• Birth Defects Of Genitals (a shortened distance between the anus and genitals in their male babies) Main KM, et al. (2006). Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Environmental Health Perspectives 114:270-276.

• Plastic Feeding Tubes Cause Birth Defects -High levels of exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate through the use of medical tubing and other plastic devices for feeding, medicating, and assisting the breathing of newborn infants may affect the development of the male reproductive system, according to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

• Liver Cancers, Sexual Development – DEHP has been classified as a “probable human carcinogen” by the EPA. The Department of Health and Human Services has also classified DEHP as a potential carcinogen. DEHP may reasonably be considered a cancer causing substance in humans. Rats and mice fed DEHP and DINP also showed an increase in liver cancers over animals that had not been fed the chemicals. The offspring of rats separately fed three different phthalates, namely diethyl hexyl-, diisononyl- and butyl benzyl phthalate (DEHP, DINP and BBP, respectively), do not follow normal patterns of sexual development. In the case of DEHP-fed and BBP-fed rats, the weight of the offspring was also reduced. Other studies also report subtle effects of DEHP in the testes of young rats at very low levels. Chemical Body Burden

• Still Births With Phthalates– Female animals exposed to DEP throughout their lives experience an elevated number of stillbirths. Chemical Body Burden

– Breast Cancer and Tumors -Additional research suggests that these same mechanisms may link phthalates to breast cancer. Phthalates have also been shown to cause proliferation of breast tumor cells and renders anti-estrogen treatments, such as tamoxifen, less effective against tumors Jobling S, Reynolds T,Environmental Health Perspectives 103(6):582-7., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 68, Phthalates inhibit tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 67

– Found In PVC Flooring– PVC flooring (Picture of PVC Flooring From Google Images) leads to higher concentrations of BBP and DEHP, which are more prevalent in dust.A 2012 Swedish study of children found that phthalates from PVC flooring was taken up into their bodies, showing that children can ingest phthalates not only from food but also by breathing and through the skin. Phthalates were found in almost every sampled home in Bulgaria.

-Children’s Exposure To Phthalates Is Greater Than Adults– Body-care products containing phthalates are a source of exposure for infants. The authors of a 2008 study “observed that reported use of infant lotion, infant powder, and infant shampoo were associated with increased infant urine concentrations of [phthalate metabolites], and this association is strongest in younger infants.- Pediatrics

– Children In Hospital Settings Are At Higher Risks Of Exposure- Phthalates make their way from vinyl or PVC medical devices into solutions that are then fed into the patient. People who are ill, especially children whose systems are still developing, may be particularly sensitive to this type of exposure. The Food and Drug Administration did an extensive risk assessment of phthalates in the medical setting and found that neonates may be exposed to five times greater than the allowed daily tolerable intake. Infants and hospitalized children are exposed to medical devices with contain tubing, which may contain 20-40% Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by weight. The chemcial can “easily leach out of tubing when heated (as with warm saline/blood) “. Sathyanarayana, S. (2008) Phthalates and children’s health. Current Problems In Adolescent Health Care, 38, 34-39. doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2007.11.001

Exposure To Phthalates Can Cause Abnormal Obesity–Desvergne B, Feige J, Casals-Casas C (2009). “PPAR-mediated activity of phthalates: A link to the obesity epidemic? A 2012 study suggested that high levels of phthalates may be connected to the current obesity epidemic in children. It was found that obese children show greater exposure to phthalates than nonobese children Science Direct

• Several studies suggest that phthalates can cause obesity in young women. In a recent story published in the Los Angeles Times, Nutritionist Keith Bishop of Oklahoma City said about phthalates, “The plastics attach to receptors on the cells. If it’s a fat cell, it can stimulate that cell to grow and get bigger.” Voices Yahoo

Exposure To Phthalates Can Cause Asthma- In 2004, a joint Swedish-Danish epidemiologic team found a link between allergies in children and the phthalates DEHP and BBzP. Their review article and meta-analysis of published data relating to phthalates and asthma found an association between phthalates in the home and asthma, especially in children, but this evidence was limited by imprecise data on levels of exposure- ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov

Baby Green Thumb put together an article “Know Your Plastics” in which each number was listed out.

Plastic #1 is only intended for one time use. High temperatures can cause chemicals to leach out of the plastic. One time use applies to water containers.

Plastic #2 – is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. These are your milk jugs, and laundry detergents. This plastic can resist high temperatures.

Plastic #3 – Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic polymer.PVC is one of the toxic plastics that should be avoided

Plastic #4 – can be found translucent or opaque. It is flexible and tough but breakable. It can be found in your plastic grocery bags, juice and milk cartons.

Plastic #5 – is strong, tough, has a high resistance to heat and acts as a barrier to moisture.Yogurt & margarine tubs, along with plastic cups, baby bottles and kitchenware are made from this plastic. Even though these plastics say they are microwavable and dishwasher safe, this only means that the plastic will not warp when heated. This certainly doesn’t mean that it is a safe or healthy practice.

Plastic #6 – can either be hard or used in the form of styrofoam. It exists in disposable cutlery, and foam cups & to-go foam packaging from restaurants. According to the Foundation for Achievements in Science and Education fact sheet, long term exposure to small quantities of styrene can cause neurotoxic (fatigue, nervousness, difficulty sleeping), hematological (low platelet and hemoglobin values), cytogenetic (chromosomal and lymphatic abnormalities), and carcinogenic effects. Styrene is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the EPA and by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Look at your pillows to determine if this may be something you want to avoid.

Plastic #7 can be a little tricky as it stands for “Other” which may or may not contain BPA.

International Progress On Phthalates

Soil Association highlights labeling practices on Organic beauty products – Soil Association

How To Protect Yourself

• Skip The Fragrance– when choosing cosmetics, personal care products, cleaning products, detergents, and air fresheners. Manufacturers aren’t required to list phthalates on the label, but any item listed as “fragrance” is often a chemical mixture that can contain phthalates.

• Avoid Any Product That Uses The Word “Fragrance” the word “fragrance” may hide dozens of chemicals, many of which may never have been assessed for safety- ewg.org. The word “fragrance” or “parfum” on a label almost always means phthalates.

-Numerous other products used daily, such as shampoos, lotions, bath products, cleaning sprays, air fresheners and laundry and dishwashing detergents, also contain strongly scented, volatile ingredients that are hidden behind the word “fragrance.” Some of these ingredients react with ozone in the indoor air, generating many potentially harmful secondary air pollutants such as formaldehyde and ultrafine particles (Nazaroff 2004).

• Re-evaluate If You Need Perfume – Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and analyzed by Environmental Working Group revealed 38 secret chemicals in 17 name brand fragrance products, topped by American Eagle Seventy Seven with 24, Chanel Coco with 18, and Britney Spears Curious and Giorgio Armani Acqua Di Gio with 17. Safe Cosmetics.org

– These include diethyl phthalate, a chemical found in 97 percent of Americans (Silva 2004) and linked to sperm damage in human epidemiological studies (Swan 2008), and musk ketone, a synthetic fragrance ingredient that concentrates in human fat tissue and breast milk (Hutter 2009; Reiner 2007).

• Avoid Air Fresheners ALL TOGETHER – U.S. air fresheners released an average of 18 chemicals into the air. On average, one in five of these chemicals were hazardous substances highlighted in federal and some state pollution standards. Fully half the air fresheners tested released acetaldehyde, a likely human carcinogen according to the EPA. Levels of harmful indoor pollutants like formaldehyde, chloroform and styrene range from 2 to 50 times higher than outdoor levels.

• Switch To Safer Cleaning Products – a 2009 study of cleaning supplies used in California schools, we detected a total of 89 airborne contaminants, including acetaldehyde- ewg.org

• Safer Cleaning Labels – Look for cleaning supplies are rated green by third-party certifiers Green Seal and EcoLogo

• Use Baking Soda – A box of baking soda is a safe way to reduce odors.

• A List Of Companies /Products That Are Safe Purchase from companies that have pledged not to use phthalates.

• Carefully Read Your Capsule Vitamins– You want to read “vegetable cellulose capsule”, “capsule -plant cellulose 100% vegetarian” or capsule made without fillers, binders, artificial ingredients or allergens, wild crafted without chemical fertilizers/pesticides”

• Check Your Toys – Check the Healthy Toys database for toys bought before 2009 – they may contain phthalates. Get rid of any vintage plastic toys. Phthalates are now banned from children’s toys, teethers, bottles, and feeding products. These laws only took place in 2009, so anything made of soft plastic before that time probably contains phthalates (think soft rubber toys , not Legos).

• Buy Organic For Your Teen – Teen study participants used an average of nearly 17 personal care products each day, while the average adult woman uses just 12 products daily. Thus, teens may unknowingly expose themselves to higher levels of cosmetic ingredients linked to potential health effects at a time when their bodies are more susceptible to chemical damage.

• Buy Safer Shower Curtains -Purchase a shower curtain made from organic hemp, bamboo or PEVA. PEVA (polyethylene vinyl acetate) is a non-vinyl (PVC-free), chlorine-free, biodegradable plastic.

• Avoid Inflatable Pool Toys Or Air Mattresses- Or be sure to look for labels that say PVC and phthalate free.

• Buy Only The Plastics Marked With Numbers 2, 4 and 5

• Avoid Using Your Microwave. Simply unplug it, which forces you to really think about if you need to heat up that plate of food. Never heat your food in plastic. Especially don’t heat your food up in plastic which comes from fast food take out containers.

• Go Organic For Your Dairy and Meat – Pesticide-treated animal feeds are not allowed in organic meat and dairy production.

• Invest In A Water Filter System. Granular activated carbon filters have been said to remove DEHP, ( water pipes phthalates) , or go one step further, and invest in a nano-filtration system, which is more expensive but is more reliable in filtering out phthalates.

Additional Videos That Talk About Phthalates

– BPA Linked To Brain Cancer – Exposure to bisphenol A may be a risk factor for a common type of brain tumor called meningioma, reports a study from China. This is the first study to suggest a link between brain cancer and the chemical, which is widely used in consumer products.” Video Here

-Phthalates: Are They Safe? Chemicals called phthalates found in soft plastic products we use everyday are so ubiquitous, that traces of them can be found in everybody. Are they safe or harmful? Lesley Stahl investigates. 60 Minutes VIDEO

-The Plasticiser Controversy– This video focuses on plasticisers and pthalates. Should they be banned? Are they really harmful? What evidence are we basing all the speculations on? What’s best for children? Video Here

-BPA Death by Plastic – Video Here

-Toxic Brew Part 1 of 2 -Part 1 of 2 from a special report originally aired on CBC Canada highlighting the link between the rise in health concerns with the increase of chemicals in everyday household products, skincare and cosmetics. Video Here

-Toxic Brew Part 2 of 2 -Part 2 of 2 from a special report originally aired on CBC Canada highlighting the link between the rise in health concerns with the increase of chemicals in everyday household products, skincare and cosmetics. Video Here

-Toxic Top 10 – Top Ten Toxins to Avoid and Replace at Home-Green cleaning and lifestyle is not only green for the environment and earth it is safe for the health your children and family. We focus on greening the planet by regulating industry but we need to green our homes, food, and body for our health. Dr. Pompa explains the top 10 toxins that are not green or friendly to the earth or you, polluting not only the environment but causing cancer and other health problems. Be eco friendly and nontoxic to your body. Video Here

-BPA in Plastic Bottles WARNING CNN Report -This is an in depth look at the dangers of bisphenol a (bpa), and recommendations to avoid it. It includes topics such as bpa free baby bottles, pacifiers, sterilizers, teether, and breast-feeding. Brands such as bpa free Gerber, avent, dr. browns, etc. Video Here

-We’re Being Poisoned Everyday! Video Here

-BPA: Death by Plastic – Special Report -Aaron Dykes hosts a segment on Bisphenol A, the dangerous estrogenic in plastic drinking bottles and food containers. BPA is a known toxic substance outlawed in Canada and Europe, but still used in the United States, even though the FDA raised concerns regarding exposure of fetuses, infants and young children to the substance. Video Here

– What Is BPA? Jennifer Lowry, MD, medical toxicologist, with Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics explains bisphenol A and how to protect your family. Video Here

-Study Links BPA To Childhood Obesity– Mox News – Video Here

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